Abstract: MiRNA is a class of small noncoding RNA which regulates gene expression posttranscriptionally by translational repression and mRNA degradation. They play important roles in many biological processes. Nowadays, the relationships between MiRNA and the development of ocular tissues and ocular diseases have been shown to be a hot topic in ophthalmology. This review focuses on the detection and mechanism of MiRNA, the expression of MiRNA in ocular tissues such as the cornea, lens, retina, but also on the correlation among MiRNA and diseases of the ocular surface, lens, uvea, and retina and in glaucoma. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 48-53)